Tutor myself chemistry edexcel igcse
Tutor myself chemistry edexcel igcse. Testing yourself with past papers is a great way to identify knowledge gaps, improve your exam technique and get more familiar with the exam format. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of reaction without being chemically changed at the end of the reaction. An example is tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Barrier Methods: Rusting may be prevented by stopping the water and oxygen getting to the iron with a barrier of grease, oil, paint or plastic. Example: When calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated calcium oxide is produced. This is an addition reaction. chlorine will displace bromine:. if burnt the addition polymers could produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride. For example, when hydrochloric acid is added to iron (Fe) then bubbles of hydrogen are produced slowly. A platinum or nichrome wire is dipped into concentrated hydrochloric acid to remove any impurities. Calculate the amount, in moles, of 8. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Carbon dioxide (CO2) has a simple molecular structure. 1 Forces and motion. The salt is left behind in the flask. Unsaturated: A molecule containing a carbon-carbon double or triple bond. For example, alkenes as described as unsaturated molecules. One of the monomers is a diol, an alcohol with a -OH functional group at each end. Oxidation: the loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen Reduction: the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen Example: The electrolysis of lead (II) bromide, PbBr 2. For example the functional group of an alcohol is the -OH group and that of alkenes is the C=C carbon to carbon double bond. CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 Step 1: Calculate the amount, in moles, of 25 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) \\[M_r(CaCO_3)=(1 \\times The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio between atoms/ions in a compound. After deeply investigating the students' common difficulties in IGCSE Chemistry, I prepared straightforward and schematic teaching resources using both Cambridge and Pearson Edexcel IGCSE sources. This makes them non-biodegradeable. tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. These particles need to be free to move in a substance for that substance to be conductive. The wire and salt are held in a non-luminous Barrier Methods: Rusting may be prevented by stopping the water and oxygen getting to the iron with a barrier of grease, oil, paint or plastic. 1(a) Units GCSE Chemistry Full Spec Points Hydr0Gen 2021-06-19T18:34:14+00:00. These forces, although weak, must be overcome if the substance is to boil, and larger molecules have more attractions which must be overcome. Biodegradable: the breakdown of a substance by microorganisms. For example a sodium atom (Na) loses an electron to become a sodium ion (Na⁺). The rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation: The units for rate of reaction will usually be grams per min (g/min) An tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The following 3 experiments can be used to determine that oxygen (O 2) makes up approximately 20% by volume of the composition of air. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Alkenes react with bromine water. The order of reactivity can be determined by adding acid to different metals and observing the rate of reaction. For example, the graph above shows that in 100g of water at 50⁰C the maximum mass of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The copper is in excess and uses up the oxygen to form copper oxide (CuO). Finding the formula of a metal oxide experimentally The formulae of metal oxides can be found experimentally by reacting a metal with oxygen and recording the mass changes. In an exothermic reaction, the reactants have more energy than A flame test is used to show the presence of certain metal ions (cations) in a compound. Jul 22, 2020 · 4C Alkanes (Double) - Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The following formula allows for the interconversion between a mass in grams and a number of moles for a given substance: Example 1:. For example, for ethane: Molecular formula = C2H6 Empirical formula = CH3 Here are some more examples: Notice from the table tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The general formula shows the relationship between the number of atoms of one element to another within The rate of a chemical reaction can be measured either by how quickly reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed. The double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added. Allotropes are different forms of the same element. UV light is not required for this reaction. However, if the same acid is tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation: The units for rate of reaction will usually be grams per min (g/min) An May 13, 2019 · Below is a diagram showing the reaction profile for the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen, which is EXOTHERMIC: The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to start the reaction. Step 2: Underneath, write down the masses of each element combining. 17 know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration : F = M x A; 1. The empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. metal + acid → salt + hydrogen For example: magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen Mg (s) + 2HCl tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Step 3: Divide by their tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. 1:01 understand the three states of Yield is how much product you get from a chemical reaction. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Some metals are more reactive than others. These forces are Larger molecules tend to have higher boiling points. The indicator changes colour when neutralisation occurs. The wire is dipped into the salt being tested so some salt sticks to the end. Another definition of oxidation is the gain of oxygen. Learn and revise Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry topics with TutorMyself Chemistry. Learn how to study and test yourself effectively with the best methods and tips. Find definitions, examples, diagrams and videos for states of matter, solutions, solubility and more. Diamond is made up of only carbon atoms, in a giant 3D lattice, where each of those atoms has a strong covalent bonds to Allotropes are different forms of the same element. For example: This is how we can test for the Group 7 elements are called the Halogens. For example when ethane reacts with bromine gas one of the hydrogen atoms in ethane is substituted by one of the atoms of bromine from within the bromine molecule: CH₃-CH₃ + Edexcel site; Links; Teaching; Simulations; Physics. Toggle Sliding Bar Area. Make chemistry easy and start the chemistry tutor lessons with past papers materials, exercises and more! Past papers, summary notes and past exam questions by topic for AQA, CIE, Edexcel, OCR and WJEC Chemistry A-levels, International A-levels, GCSEs and IGCSEs. Method: • Weigh tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. May 13, 2019 · Titration is used to find out precisely how much acid neutralises a certain volume of alkali (or vice versa). 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources Edexcel iGCSE Physics. The water vapour condenses back into a liquid when passed through the condenser. At the cathode (negative electrode): Pb 2+ (l) + 2e – → Pb (l) (reduction) Simple distillation This method is used to separate a liquid from a solution. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Polymers are inert (unreactive) as they have strong C-C bonds. . Copper. Calculating the Empirical Formula Example: What is the empirical formula of magnesium chloride if 0. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Polyesters are polymers formed when two types of monomer join together alternately. Galvanising: (coating in zinc) also prevents water and oxygen getting to the iron, but with galvanising even if the barrier is broken the more reactive zinc corrodes before the less reactive iron. The rate of a chemical reaction can be measured either by how quickly reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed. This is called a condensation polymerisation reaction. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Underneath are the tests for : ammonium ion test, copper (II) ion test, iron (II) ion test, iron (III) ion test Describe tests for the cation NH4+, using sodium hydroxide solution and identifying the ammonia evolved Describe tests for the cations Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, using sodium hydroxide solution First, add Metals which are above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to produce a salt and hydrogen. Three different allotropes of carbon are shown here as examples: diamond, graphite and C 60 fullerene. A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen, e. This is because larger molecules (molecules with more mass) have more forces of attraction between them. For example if carbon combines with oxygen to The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. Solubility is defined in terms of the maximum mass of a solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent. The diagram shows the titration method for a neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The change in heat (enthalpy change) can be represented on an energy level diagram. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity because there are no charged particles that are free to move. Another example is a chloride ion (Cl⁻) losing an electron to become a chlorine atom (Cl). Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: May 13, 2019 · The symbol ΔH is used to represent the change in heat (or enthalpy change) of a reaction. Boost your confidence and get ready to ace your IGCSE Chemistry exam. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Oxidation Oxidation is the loss of electrons. Galvanising: (coating in zinc) also prevents water and oxygen getting to the iron, but with galvanising even if the barrier is broken the more reactive zinc corrodes before The solubility of solids changes as temperature changes. So the molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula. This can be plotted on a solubility curve. The difference between 3. Giant 3D lattice of sodium chloride (NaCl) A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compound. As you go up group 7 (decreasing atomic number), the elements become more reactive. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that you would expect to get. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: In a substitution reaction an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Related Posts: 1. The salt water is boiled. 2(a) Units (b) Mains electricity (c) Energy and voltage in circuits (d) Electric charge; 3 Waves. 84 g of chlorine? Step 1: Put the symbols for each element involved at the top of the page. This is calculated using reacting mass calculations. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources 2:34 know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water: common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble, all nitrates are soluble, common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II), common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II), common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and Edexcel iGCSE Physics. Edexcel site; Links; Teaching; Simulations; Physics. Within each molecule are atoms bonded to each other covalently. For example, alkanes as described as saturated molecules. This just means that it is made up of molecules. For example, fluorine is the most reactive and astatine is the least reactive. Note: cold water is 75% of chlorine atoms are the type 35Cl (have a mass number of 35)25% of chlorine atoms are of the type 37Cl (have a mass number of 37)In order to calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of chlorine, the following steps are used:Multiply the mass of each isotope by its relative abundanceAdd those togetherDivide by tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Electrical conductivity is the movement of charged particles. Use the timestamps below to Browse our range of Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry past papers and mark schemes. A Homologous series is a group of substances with: the same general formula similar chemical properties because Calorimetry allows for the measurement of the amount of energy transferred in a chemical reaction to be calculated. Example: When magnesium is burned in air, it reacts with oxygen (O2) to form magnesium oxide (MgO). 18 know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength: W=mxg tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. Edexcel iGCSE Physics. Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction while remaining chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. A reversible reaction is one where the forward reaction and the backward reaction happen simultaneously. For example, the solubility of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water at 25⁰C is about 36g per 100g of water. A catalyst is not used up in a reaction. g. The mass depends on the temperature. 96 g of magnesium combines with 2. 8 g of carbon dioxide (CO 2). 12 Explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including: radio waves: broadcasting and communications, microwaves: cooking and satellite transmissions, infrared: heaters and night vision equipment, visible light: optical fibres and photography, ultraviolet: fluorescent lamps, x-rays: observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including for medical applications Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because they have a giant structure with strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions that require a lot of energy to break. 1:46 understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds in: diatomic molecules, including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and hydrogen halides, inorganic molecules including water, ammonia and carbon dioxide, organic molecules containing up to two carbon atoms, including methane, ethane, ethene and those containing halogen atoms Edexcel iGCSE Physics. During this reaction there is a colour change from orange to colourless. However, between the molecules are weak forces of attraction that require little energy to break. Three different allotropes of carbon are shown here as examples: diamond, graphite and C60 fullerene. Toggle Sliding Bar Area Select a set of flashcards to study: Saturated: A molecule containing only single bonds between carbon atoms. 3(a) Units (b) Properties of waves (c) The electromagnetic spectrum (d) Light and sound; 4 Energy resources 1:58 (Triple only) describe experiments to investigate electrolysis, using inert electrodes, of molten compounds (including lead(II) bromide) and aqueous solutions (including sodium chloride, dilute sulfuric acid and copper(II) sulfate) and to predict the products tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. The salts shown on this graph are typical: the solubility increases as temperature increases. For example: separating water from salt water. This video covers the Double content of Topic 4C Alkanes in preparation for the Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry exam. In most chemical reactions, however, you rarely achieved your theoretical yield. Find comprehensive notes, flashcards, past papers, videos and quizzes for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry on this site. ΔH is measured in kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole). These covalent bonds inside the molecules are strong. You can use reacting mass calculations to calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced when heating 25 g of calcium carbonate. EXPERIMENT1: Displacement, dissolving and neutralisation reactions Example: magnesium displacing copper from copper(II) sulfate Method: 50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate is measured and transferred into a Increasing the surface area of a solid: more particles exposed more frequent collisions increase the rate of a reaction Increasing the concentration of a solution or pressure of a gas: more particles in same space more frequent collisions increase rate of reaction Increasing the temperature: particles have more kinetic energy more frequent collisions and a higher proportion of those collisions tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. In this case, charged particles means either delocalised electrons or ions. Where each joins to the next a small molecule, such as water or hydrogen chloride, is lost. ΔH must also labelled. For an exothermic reaction, the products have less energy than the reactants. A catalyst speeds up a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. Diamond is made up of only carbon atoms, in a giant 3D lattice, where each of those atoms has a strong covalent bonds to 4 other carbon. 1(a) Units (b) movement and position (c) forces, movement, shape and momentum; 2 Electricity. For example, in the following reaction: CaCO3 --> tutorMyself Chemistry is a non-commercial tool to support learning for Edexcel iGCSE Chemistry at one of Britain's top public schools. emjm elpe tcygc lwsoefy abm ucxky lhyhmy dor utz eeibsh