What does suspend do in linux

What does suspend do in linux. Another method is to use the “Ctrl + Z” shortcut key in the Terminal. Warning: If you edit the configuration of a suspended virtual machine, you will not be able to resume this virtual machine This step is the same as step 2 of the suspend-to-idle suspend transition described above. suspend — suspend to ram; some folks call this “sleep” resume — restart after suspend to ram; does not use grub. Therefore, if the battery is not depleted, the system can resume instantly. To kill a process means to cause it to die. To use suspend, an operating system must first configure wake-up events (things like the power button, lid-button, etc). Your laptop needs to have some alarm clock to wake up, and come out of suspend! Oct 23, 2019 · In Linux, a running instance of a program is called process. This command honors --force in the same way as suspend. Suspend-To-RAM, which is set by using deep in /sys/power/mem_sleep) rather than the Suspend-To-Idle mode as signified by Mar 18, 2024 · In this article, we’ll learn about process states in Linux. linux May 7, 2024 · systemctl suspend Command – Use systemd to suspend/hibernate from command line on Linux. May 26, 2022 · You can also use the systemctl command to shut down the system. In the Power Saving Options section, click Automatic Suspend. In order to use the disown command, you first need to have jobs running on your Linux system. suspend [-f] The -f option force the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell. Jul 23, 2020 · In short, controlling jobs lets you suspend and resume processes started in your Linux shell. Mechanism for USB Selective Suspend. Oct 21, 2019 · Shutdown, Reboot, Suspend and Hibernate a Linux System. 🤚. This step is analogous to step 3 of the suspend-to-idle suspend transition described above, but the arming of IRQs for system wakeup generally does not have any effect on the platform. 3. Mar 27, 2017 · You can use the bash jobs builtin to see the status of jobs that are backgrounded or suspended e. Instead, the PC is suspended to RAM. … Second way to try, it works for me in XFCE/Mate 16. Suspend means basically to **Suspend to RAM ** to consume less energy. Immediately after leaving system suspend and/or hibernation the same executables are run, but the first argument is now "post". Alternatively, we can suspend the system to disk: This step is the same as step 2 of the suspend-to-idle suspend transition described above. – Mar 15, 2024 · I am a new Linux and Unix shell user. Ctrl+z will suspend the currently foregrounded program; bg will background the most recently suspended program (use bg %2 with the job number, which you can check with jobs) fg will foreground the most recently suspended program; In zsh, you can write a key binding to implicitly run fg from the prompt via another Ctrl+z: Dec 1, 2023 · $ . You are now back to normal shell: $ id. Suspend shell execution of 'sudo -i' command: # suspend -f. If you have more than one suspended jobs, then you can use fg %ID. How do I kill background jobs in Linux? Here’s what we do: Use the ps command to get the process id (PID) of the process we want to terminate. Disable Suspend and Hibernation in Linux Aug 15, 2014 · Ctrl+C is used to kill a process with signal SIGINT, in other words it is a polite kill. You can use kill to stop the process. Next, click on Power / Log Out and Suspend to suspend you Ubuntu 20. Waking up after pressing the suspend button always needs to provide password. kill -TSTP [pid] For a 'hard' stop, send SIGSTOP:. The main disadvantage of using systemctl is losing the ability to schedule or cancel the shutdown process. I can WOL after shutdown, but can't after pressing the suspend button. Signal SIGUSR1 suspends the thread by calling pause() and SIGUSR2 resumes the thread. It allows more energy to be saved relative to runtime idle by freezing user space, suspending the timekeeping and putting all I/O devices into low-power states (possibly lower-power than available in the working state), such that the processors can spend time in Mar 18, 2024 · We can use rtcwake to suspend the computer to either memory or disk and wake it back up at a specific time. archlinux. Good for systems that might be suspended on battery power or prone to power outages as suspend still uses / needs some power. So what is the internal mechanism to suspend a process in Linux? This is primarily helpful for "suspend-then-hibernate" where the value of the variable will be "suspend", "hibernate", or "suspend-after-failed-hibernate" in cases where hibernation has failed. Feb 23, 2017 · It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up cycle to complete. If no job ID is given, fg will assume we’re referring to the current (suspended) job. This will trigger activation of the special target unit suspend-then-hibernate. May 28, 2022 · i am new on linux but i have an assignment and it requires to stop and suspend and hangup certain jobs without using the fg or ctrl+z commands like this picture and what does the dot after the number represent and what does the & symbol represent in the third job If you suspend a job using Ctrl+Z it pauses, i. Interestingly, in Xubuntu, hibernate does work. Example: Aug 31, 2012 · • The child does not inherit record locks from its parent (see the fcntl(2) man page). Logout and Shutdown are self-explanatory. sh > /tmp/out ^Z [1] + 61299 suspended . When resuming, the saved state is restored to RAM. Saves the machine's state into swap space, but does not power off the machine. g. And running the command. Review Ongoing Jobs. Feb 16, 2017 · When I put Linux Mint on a few of my computers recently I quickly encountered the words “suspend” and “hibernate” when attempting to put a laptop to sleep: “What the heck is the difference between Suspend and Hibernate,” I wondered. Is switching to Solaris a possibility? Other than that, you're probably going to have to do some gymnastics with mutexes and/or semaphores. Ctrl+Z is used to suspend a process by sending it the signal SIGTSTP, which is like a sleep signal, that can be undone and the process can be resumed again. There is another special key ^Y which does not generate a STOP signal until a program attempts to read(2) it. Jun 5, 2014 · Weird thing is, this behavior only happens in this terminal; if I do the same in another terminal, the application just keeps running in the background and prints it output to the terminal. Feb 3, 2021 · Introduction. e. when placed in sleep mode, the computer cuts power to unneeded subsystems and places the RAM into a minimum power state, just sufficient to retain its data. Aug 13, 2022 · USB selective suspend only lowers the power state to D2 and not D3. Login. When the user issues a multiple command sequence in Linux, the commands execute immediately one after another or concurrently (e. The jobs command will list all jobs on the system; active, stopped, or otherwise. conf. If it is, the virtual machine will resume much faster. You can suspend the calling shell script for a specified time. Currently, the Linux kernel does not allow running soft irqs for more than MAX_SOFTIRQ_TIME or rescheduling for more than MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART consecutive times. Windows supports multiple ways to suspend the power of a USB device depending on whether it is a composite or a single interface device. Aug 10, 2012 · On the menubar for the Virtualbox window, you will find options to save the state of your system before closing it. See full list on wiki. Mar 2, 2022 · you can use jobs command to list the suspended jobs. conf elapsed. First, pthread_suspend, and second, a dirty bit on memory pages so that proper garbage collectors can be implemented. The default suspend variant (ie. The system stops all of the processes that that account owns. The OS will suspend background mobile apps. power sleep-inactive-ac-type 'suspend' or Jun 2, 2022 · You will see that the process is running now. select on this pipe to read the timestamps and compare them to the current time. 1. pm-suspend Command – During suspend most devices are shutdown, and system state is saved in RAM. For example, let’s suspend our system to RAM, then wake it up one minute later: $ sudo rtcwake -u -s 60 -m mem rtcwake: wakeup from "mem" using /dev/rtc0 at Wed Nov 9 15:11:05 2022. suspend-then-hibernate Suspend the system and hibernate it when the battery is low, or when the delay specified in systemd-sleep. ” Apr 7, 2015 · all the machines I have Kali on do not crash upon unsuspend, after the system being suspended by issuing: root@exploit:~# pm-suspend and just quickly pressing the power buttons. A ^Z takes effect immediately and is like an interrupt in that pending output and unread input are discarded when it is typed. The latest standard for power management is advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI), which provides a backbone for sleep and hibernation in computers. Various triggers can resume the machine, among them pressing a key or quickly pressing and […] Dec 30, 2020 · Suspend to both (Hybrid suspend): Here, the machine state is saved into swap, but the system does not go off. Jobs. If the process refuses to terminate (i. If I understand correctly: the mouse do not send any changing data during a certain amount of time => the computer decides to do a selective suspend and closes the port => because the port is closed, the mouse does not see any bus activity and suspends itself. 04 with nvidia proprietary driver. Suspend Suspend is the same as Sleep in Microsoft Windows. And if it gets stopped at that point, and what is the meaning of background job. For example, type systemctl halt or systemctl poweroff to achieve similar results to the shutdown command. You cannot suspend instances with more than 208 GB of memory. plugins. See also: The Linux Kernel: Process Management Apr 28, 2024 · NOTE: hibernation feature does NOT work out-of-the-box in Ubuntu, you have to enabled it first if need. The suspend command allows you to temporarily stop a job, while the kill command allows you to permanently terminate a job. I have seen things like “/usr/sbin/shutdown -h +0 && /usr/sbin/poweroff” However, the poweroff command kills the machine prior to allowing programs to execute shutdown scripts. When the process is suspended, it doesn't run, but it's still present in memory, waiting to be resumed (woken up). When you put your computer in suspend, it's suspended. Mar 18, 2024 · We can reconnect a background job to our terminal with the Linux command fg. target. A process can be suspended by sending it the STOP signal, and resumed by sending it the CONT signal. Suspending devices and reconfiguring IRQs. power sleep-inactive-battery-type 'suspend' gsettings set org. This tutorial explains how to perform various power management related tasks in a Linux system such as halt, power-off, shutdown, reboot, sleep (suspend), hibernate, and hibernate-sleep. The Linux Process States Jan 14, 2019 · After that, I pressed Ctrl Z in pc2 (server should be suspended) and sent some messages with pc1 (client). Let's learn what is Hibernate and Suspend operations and the differences between them. Make sure to include the percent sign: $ fg %2. This mode doesn't power off… Feb 11, 2018 · You can use the file /sys/power/state to do this. vmem) file set is already in the physical memory of the host system. First find out what states are supported: user@linux:_> cat /sys/power/state standby mem disk root@linux:~> echo -n mem > /sys/power/state # suspend to ram root@linux:~> echo -n disk > /sys/power/state # suspend to disk What is the difference between hibernate and suspend in Linux? Hibernate saves the state of your computer to the hard disk and completely powers off. Jun 22, 2011 · It contains information about the given system's hardware, including details on how to suspend/resume (and hibernate). a teacher showing a video to a class): Turns off DPMS (Display Power Management Signaling) so your screen won't blank or sleep May 26, 2011 · A simple solution to this is to use a self-pipe. But I tried many times, that process is still running even after freeze_task() is being called. In other words, the sleep command pauses the execution on the next shell command for a given time. From the man page of pause: pause() causes the calling process (or thread) to sleep until a signal is delivered that either terminates the process or causes the invocation of a signal-catching function. May 20, 2015 · Suspend mode is also known as sleep mode, standby mode or power save mode. But I can WOL after sudo pm-suspend. Step 5: As an example lets do the required changes for Generic USB Hub. As a result, the system stops any functions that the cPanel account currently performs as the logged-in user. Dec 19, 2023 · Step 4: Locate the devices having Hub in its name and do the changes mentioned in Step 5. The disown command in Linux is used to remove jobs from the job table. It is a good idea to test suspend on your computer to see if it does work before relying on it. gnome. To suspend a virtual machine, do one of the following: Choose Suspend from the Actions menu or; Click the Suspend button in the Parallels Desktop toolbar. A hybrid of suspending and hibernating, sometimes called suspend to both. Apr 24, 2017 · No worries! I just found a simple trick to suspend a process and resume it later in Linux. “I’m used to just having a ‘Sleep’ option on my MacBook Pro. However, sometimes it is necessary to postpone the execution of commands and provide enough time for the system to produce the expected results. 6 days ago · You can only suspend an instance for up to 60 days before the VM is automatically stopped. Apr 12, 2020 · Suspend. So the suspend button isn't doing pm-suspend. • The child does not inherit timers from its parent (see the setitimer(2), alarm(2), and timer_create(2) man pages). First, open the top-right panel. Example. So, only thing here is a hardware solution. org Suspending the process in Linux. This is the default interface used in Arch Linux. start and background one process; start and suspend a second with Ctrl+Z Aug 4, 2023 · Stops all user processes. Feb 7, 2013 · Solaris has the thr_suspend(3C) call that would do what you want. After resume, switch to console tty1 using Alt Ctrl F1. It will stop (kill/terminate) gedit and return the shell prompt. It's the same reason you won't find a Linux Desktop application using the Ctrl-Alt-FN shortcuts: because they're already used by the system. Press Ctrl-Z to suspend the program and put it in the background: Suspend the program currently running and put it in the background. Furthermore, we’ll also look into different tools we can use to read the state of each process in our system. Then what does it do? [Update] the suspend button is surely not doing pm-suspend. However, the traditional method is by using idle request IRP (I/O Request Packet). If you want to kill a suspended program, you don't have to bring it back with fg first, you can simply do the command: kill %1 Dec 16, 2019 · Hybrid-Sleep = suspend-to-ram with a suspend-to-disk backup. Once these limits are reached a special kernel thread, ksoftirqd is woken up and all of the rest of pending soft irqs will be run from the context of this kernel thread. To suspend a job, you can use the suspend command followed by the job number or the PID. , it is ignoring the signal), send increasingly harsh signals until it does terminate. Techopedia Explains Suspend Mode. Sep 2, 2022 · The content provides a guide on how to manually or automatically suspend Ubuntu Linux. Jun 13, 2015 · void@wladiwostok ~ $ which suspend void@wladiwostok ~ $ whereis suspend suspend: So I assume that suspend must be some sort of "built-in" command like exit or something. The option you might be looking for is -S. $ gedit ^Z [1]+ Stopped gedit $ Once the process is suspended (in this case, gedit), it is not possible to write or do anything in gedit. And Nano. Instead, it invokes the default suspend. if this does not work the problem is typically related to videocard. The output will be something like this if you have more than one suspended jobs. See: Processes and Linux Data Structures) for more details. The battery is not used and you can safely resume the system from the disk and get ahead with your work. Starting a Suspended Job May 6, 2020 · The first method on how to suspend Ubuntu 20. After you resume a virtual machine and do more work, you cannot return to the state that the virtual machine was in when you suspended it. A suspended process is denoted as stopped in the terminal. But for scheduling a single suspension or hibernation, which seems to be what Ederico was asking about (and which is something that makes a lot more sense to want to do), the at command should be used. Suspending a process pauses it from using CPU and memory without terminating it completely – very useful! In this comprehensive guide, I‘ll show you the ins and outs of suspending Linux processes like a […] Does it keep doing it's job?, or does it get suspended?, and stopped at the point where it was. Aug 31, 2010 · Suspend then Hibernate: Suspend the system and hibernate it after the delay specified in systemd-sleep. Feb 25, 2022 · At least not in software. 04 system. You can use bg to let it continue in the background (which means it might still write in stdout, but can't read from stdin). Mar 21, 2017 · Each process in Linux kernel is represented by a task_struct data structure and each task vector consist array of pointers to every task_struct. & but you forgot the & and now wish you could add it without interrupting the command) : you can : ctrl-z, and then type: bg to resume the latest suspended task in the background. If you're concerned about such unlikely physical attacks that would make S3 mode a risk, then you definitely don't want S4 (hibernation), and honestly it doesn't work well on Linux anyway. Most things work well, but, under Gnome, suspend and hibernate do not work. For custom Nemo actions, useful scripts for the Cinnamon desktop, and Cinnamox themes visit my Github pages . Added in version 196. Jun 9, 2021 · Then I wrote another kernel module to call this simplified freeze_task to suspend a specific process. There are number of commands that you can use to find information about the running processes, with ps , pstree , and top being the most commonly used ones. The suspend mode in computers generally corresponds to ACPI mode S3. which describes a process or task in the system (either it's unrunnable, runnable or stopped). Jul 15, 2013 · SIGSTOP stops a process, and. , the tee command). google linux blackscreen after suspend or look on the debian wiki in /suspend or /hibernate for some good methodical troubleshooting/fixing steps Nov 5, 2023 · As a Linux system administrator, you‘ll eventually need to temporarily suspend running processes to manage resources, prioritize tasks, and debug issues. Right Click on the USB device and Choose Properties . Different suspension intervals can be set for when the Suspend-to-Idle¶. Choose On Battery Power or Plugged In, set the switch to on, and select a Delay. 2. Issue a kill command for that PID. You can suspend preemptible instances, but the preemptible instance might be terminated before it is successfully suspended. Both options can be May 9, 2018 · This is also a stop signal, but the default action is not to kill but to suspend the process. Aug 1, 2021 · In addition to the systemctl mask/unmask options, I also use the following to turn suspend on/off for the Gnome desktop. This command will bring job 2 into the foreground. settings-daemon. For a 'polite' stop to the process (prefer this for normal use), send SIGTSTP:. For choice, you can also uncomment ‘HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=suspend‘ by removing # at its beginning, and change the value to lock, ignore, poweroff, or hibernate. Always save your work before suspending You should save all of your work before suspending the computer, just in case something goes wrong and your open applications and documents cannot be recovered when you resume the computer again. You have two options to suspend the process: Using the Ctrl + Z shortcut (for a process running in the foreground) Using the kill command with the STOP signal. kill -STOP [pid] Jul 13, 2012 · Do what Linuz Torvalds does to NVidia, flip the finger at him and get him to implement the two most critical parts missing from Linux. EDIT: I initially had a long hypothetical section about the use of suspend in a script, but since the command requires job control and since non-interactive shells usually don't have job control, I deleted that section. This can be very useful when you have less RAM or Processor to do multi-task. Jun 2, 2014 · For hard disks you can try hdparm command for set hard disk in standby. it will not "finish its job". the one to be used without writing anything into /sys/power/mem_sleep) is either “deep” (on the majority of systems supporting suspend-to-RAM) or “s2idle”, but it can be overridden by the value of the mem_sleep_default parameter in the kernel command line. To move suspended (sudo -i) job to the foreground Dec 13, 2022 · So, what does the sleep command do in Linux? /bin/sleep is Linux or Unix command to delay for a specified amount of time. Aug 19, 2012 · Suspend mode is a special low-power mode, often used on laptops, that preserves the contents of RAM while conserving power. /long_running. Occasionally, when working on a Linux machine, you may need to find out what processes are currently running. [1] - suspended sleep 400 [2] + suspended sleep 300 You can bring the job to foreground by using fg. Oct 15, 2020 · Using the disown Command in Linux. Most modern Linux distro only needs to use the systemctl command. The problem is that you'll only suspend when you check the mutex, which will probably be at a well-behaved point. What I am going to do is just pause the currently running process, do some other important tasks, and then resume the stopped process after all other processes are completed. There are two main forms of suspend - suspend-to-RAM and suspend-to-disk (also known as "software suspend" or "hibernation"). gsettings set org. Dec 7, 2017 · It does two things, both intended to keep automatic features from messing up a presentation where you don't touch the machine for a long time (e. Open up a pipe and periodically write timestamps to it. SIGCONT resumes it (not SIGINT) A process that is stopped by SIGSTOP can not be set to resume on receiving a certain key, because it isn't processing anything while it is stopped, but a parent or another process could be programmed to continue a child on receiving a key And Except Emacs. Aug 19, 2012 · Suspend mode is a special low-power mode, often used on laptops, that preserves the contents of RAM while conserving power. Feb 26, 2016 · To suspend a process means to make it stop executing for some time. One thing may worth to try: Switch to console tty1 using Alt Ctrl F1. Apr 5, 2023 · Suspend or Resume Jobs in Linux. Mar 27, 2011 · With a program suspended will bring it back to the foreground. Users can manually suspend Ubuntu from the system menu on the top bar. Suspend saves its current state to your RAM and puts the computer and all peripherals on a low power consumption mode. Particularly, we’ll learn about each of the five different states of a Linux process during the various parts of the lifecycle. If the battery runs out or the computer turns off for some reason, the current session and unsaved changes will be lost. Now run command as root user: # date # id. And every other "application" you can run on a terminal, exactly because it's already used by the terminal for flow control. For example, pause for 10 seconds or stop execution for 2 mintues. This is a generic, pure software, light-weight variant of system suspend (also referred to as S2I or S2Idle). For instance, the Arch Linux wiki says: systemd provides native commands for suspend, hibernate and a hybrid suspend, see "Power management with systemd" for details. 5. Suspend a Process in Linux Using the Ctrl + Z Shortcut key. sh > /tmp/out May 11, 2017 · You can cite a common use for suspend is: in bash (and probably lots of shells) : when you started a long command, and don't want to interrupt it but whished you did that in the background (ie, you want command . According linux man pages: Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby (spindown) timeout for the drive. No need for pm-suspend. S4 is "suspend to disk" (aka hibernation). To Enable USB Selective Suspend feature, in the properties Window , Click on Power Management Tab How do I put Linux in sleep mode? You can use the following commands under Linux to suspend or Hibernate Linux system: systemctl suspend Command – Use systemd to suspend/hibernate from command line on Linux. Suspending the process in Linux. You cannot suspend a Confidential VM. Mar 12, 2016 · When it comes to power options in Linux distros, there are Logout, Shutdown, Suspend, and Hibernate functions. I'm just wondering, out of curiosity, what does it do? I couldn't find any information on it via online, because most search requests gave me information on how to suspend the Jul 29, 2016 · Also note that Ctrl+Z at the prompt in an interactive shell won't suspend it. Aug 16, 2016 · From the 4BSD manual for csh:. Or, on VirtualBox you can usually just close the window and VB will same the state on its own. Let’s see if it is in the job list using the jobs command: $ jobs [1] + suspended . I will use the sleep job as it won't change my system in any meaningful way. . In the "broken" terminal I have to put the suspended application back into foreground (with fg) to have it continue. This will trigger activation of the special target unit suspend Nov 28, 2018 · For distros that ship systemd, that's typically systemctl suspend. You can see the progress of saving the virtual machine's state. You can also use it to keep a longer and more complex job running in the background even after you log out of the server. Question: Suspend VS hibernate in Linux, what is the difference? Answer: Suspend stops operation of all applications and system state is saved in RAM, the machine go into a low-power mode, in this state, the system still requires power . If it does suspend, try resume. 04 is the simplest. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid sleep operation is successfully enqueued. ) Set different lid close action when running on power supply. This method is much slower than suspending to RAM. And for Debian Jessie: How do I wake up Ubuntu suspend? 5 Answers. See an expert-written answer! We have an expert-written solution to this problem! What does the top command do in Linux? May 25, 2011 · There is a major difference between suspend and hibernate, suspend saves the snapshot of present system state into ram and your hard-disk power will be turned-off (ram, mother-board, cpu) will be powered on, while when you press the power button it reloads the snap shot saved in ram with in seconds based on the system capability. By using netstat -tna command I'm able to see the messages waiting in the buffer. Before bringing the server back to foreground I stop the tcpdump capture in the router between these two pcs and realize that these messages had been sent Jun 24, 2015 · How do I suspend Arch Linux before I miss my appointment? Note: This question exists because Arch Wiki isn't straightforward the way StackExchange is and because it's a command (or a list of commands?) that is rarely used, making it hard to remember. Software like sleep (or more precisely, the systick or timer that tells your kernel to wake up the task after a given time) simply won't run. Login & run sudo pm-suspend. How do I remove or delete jobs from current bash / ksh or POSIX based shell? Can you provide disown command examples? Job control is nothing but the ability to stop/suspend the execution of processes (command) and continue/resume their execution as per your requirements. Before I explore the command and output, I'll create a job on my system. bg With a program suspended will allow it to run in the background (the program's output will still go to the TTY, though). May 31, 2019 · It also depends on whether the virtual machine suspended state (. • The child does not inherit outstanding asynchronous I/O operations from its parent (see the aio_read(3) and aio_write(3) man pages). vmss or . S3 is the regular "suspend to RAM" (aka 'deep'). This does not stop the process as it does in VMS! (Restore to foreground again using fg) Then, you can kill or kill -9 it, given its process ID (you get that from ps a). Aug 21, 2015 · I have Ubuntu Lucid installed on a Panasonic Toughbook CF-29. Type the following command to become a root user: $ sudo -i. Jul 14, 2023 · I would like to shutdown and poweroff machine. Example $ sleep 30 & [1] 12345 $ suspend %1 [1]+ Suspended Using cron is a good solution when the goal is to suspend or hibernate at a specific time of day, or a specific time on a specific day of the week, or month, or year. The fg command will accept a job ID as an argument. Feb 17, 2021 · Generally speaking I would expect this option to be set by default to deep by default (as indicated by [code]) on all Linux operating systems, simply because when one sets the /sys/power/state option to mem, one would expect the system to write the contents to memory (i. Alternatively, they can enable automatic suspension by accessing the System Settings panel, choosing the Power settings, and toggling the Automatic Suspend under Power Saving Options. sh > /tmp/out $ The output shows the job with the PID 61299 is suspended, and we have the command prompt again so that we can input other commands if we like. mddaj hbjmx nmuo fzppkb rdptjzj tcor hpre mdj mnqglhkx zncv